[Scene 41 , Wellington Steps back]

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

The British lines continued compact and unshaken in its original position as ever. Napoleon decided that La-Haye-Sainte must be taken without further delay. Marshal Ney gathered two serviceable brigades of I Corps, and flung them against the farmhouse. But there well defended by Major Baring and his battalions of the King's German Legion, they repulsed the attacks again with timely aid from Hanoverian battalion. However, Ney supposed these reinforcements are the signs of British weakness in the centre, began to concentrate a strength of his cavalries in the center.

WELLINGTON : [ He's concentrating his cavalry. The infantry is still sitting. Smoke without fire. What's he at? ]

The fires of artillery along both lines had been maintained with the utmost vigour. At this moment, however, a most furious cannonade was being directed against the British center. The French artillery had taken more forward its position, concentrated an overwhelming fire upon La-Haye-Sainte and Wellington's position. The shower of shells like volcanic fragments was falling on the British columns.

WELLINGTON : "A hard pounding, gentlemen!"

Wellington beckons Hay to come closer.

HAY : "Yes, sir."

WELLINGTON : "Lord Hay."
HAY : "Your grace."
WELLINGTON : "Take yourself for a run."
"(Major) General Lambert will retire a hundred paces between them and slopes."
HAY : "But, your grace."
WELLINGTON : "Do as you're told, sir!"

Hay rode off.

WELLINGTON : "General Order."
"The army will retire a hundred paces."
DELANCY : "The army will retire one hundred paces!"
"The 27th! will take position behind the Gordons."(*)

The British infantry is moving back, passing beside Wellington.

Corporal O'Connor : "Sir, it's bad policy to stay near a tree in a thunderstorm. It attracts bolts."

What he said was out-of-place again.

WELLINGTON : "I'll take your impudent advice."

[Scene 42 , Ney's Grand-Charge]

EXTERIOR : South of La-Haye-Sainte

What Ney saw was probably the British battalions returning to cover of the reverse slopes during a lull. But what he thought he has seen was the beginning of an attempt by Wellington to retreat on Brussels. An excess of his ardour made him misjudge again.

Ney is very excited because he is sure of their victory and glory.  Hoping to give them a coup de grace, he's immediately going to make his cavalry charge.

NEY : "Wellington's retreating! Wellington's retreating!"
"Milhaud! Follow me!!"
Gen. MILHAUD(*): "Yell, we will .. charge!!"
(Charles Borromel)

Ney have already started to gallop, and draws his sword.

NEY : "Trumpeter! Sound the advance!" "Charge!!!!"

Ney at once ordered a brigade of Milhaud's cuirassiers to charge, having a strong belief of the victory. At first, he intended to attack as a limited cavalry charge. But this charge rapidly escalated into a major mounted attack. A division after a division of the French cavalry were drawn into the battle without orders. The charge was sounded, a cheer followed. Already whole the IV Cavalry-Corps were beginning to charge, furthermore Lefebvre-Desnouettes's light cavalry division of the Guard followed them, also without Emperor's permission.

NEY : "Lefebvre! Are you with me?"
General Lefebvre-Desnouettes : "Yes, sir!"
(Uncredited)
NEY : "Ha! Ha!!"

These troops were the magnificent surges of gallant horseman, consisting of 43 squadrons. The first wave was the silver Cuirassiers, that were shining at burnished steel and helmets. The next was the red Lancers of the guard fluttering lance-flags. The third wave was the green Chasseurs of the guard costuming black bearskin shakos. These were quite splendid spectacle.
Vital French horsemen formed the lines of columns, broke through the left of La-Haye-Sainte. As they ascended the ridge, the French artillery suspended their fire, so nobody could support them. But, Although they suffered a great loss from pouring of grape-shot, the British cannonade could not stop them. As have arrived within about forty yards that's a range of enemy's guns, with enthusiastically shouts of 'Vive l'Emperor!', they accelerated their pace.

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

MERCER : "Fire!"

After firing the last prepared shot, the British gunners run to the nearest square. On the interior slope, the British infantry have formed the twenty squares, are fully prepared to meet a enemy's attack. Those front ranks are kneeling and blocking out the enemy's charge by bayonet, thus forming a 'chevaux-de-frise', and those rear ranks are standing and ready to fire.

Col. John COLBORNE(*): "Withdrew to square!"
(Jeffry Wickham)
British Officer of the 13 Square : "Shoot at the horses!"
(Igor Yasulovich)
COLBORNE: "Fire at the horses!"

The serried ranks of the French made a easy target for them. As they open fire, French squadrons were mowed down their horses, and forced to be a disorder and confusion. The French tried to crush it again and again, but the British squares stood firm, despite mounting loss. Worst of all, Ney was forgetting to bring up support units, infantry and horse artillery which was necessary to break a square formation. In the end, without the support, the French cavalry surged twelve times around the British squares, but could not break them.

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Napoleon viewed these events with growing alarm. He thought this is a premature movement and may lead to fatal results. So he is very angry, blames Ney for compromising them as he did at Jena.

NAPOLEON : "What're we doing?! What's Ney doing! What's happening? Cannot I leave the field for a minute! What's he doing there?! How can man go forward with the cavalry without infantry support! What's the matter with you?!"

However the only way to redeem this difficult situation and extricate that 43 squadrons in action was to use the remaining French cavalry. Napoleon, perceiving the necessity of an immediate support to Ney's attack, unavoidably ordered Kellermann to advance his the III Cavalry-Corps. But in the mean time, Ney had decided by himself, also sent a same order to Guyot's heavy cavalry-division of the Guard. As a result, it deprived the Emperor of his last cavalry-reserve, the French spent almost their advantages.

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

Now, the French eighty squadrons were charging. The British squares were now under a heavy pressure, for a French horse-battery was causing terrible damage at a range of 400 yards. Everywhere fierce battles took place. Everywhere were full of smoke, the cheer and the scream, were appalling piles of wounded and dying horses and humans.

HAY : "Remember your wives, your sweethearts, your homes!"
"Think of England! Men!" "Think of England! Think of England!!!"

Then Hay was shot to death. Wellington saw his dying with the unbearable look.

A French horseman cut down the Scottish bagpiper who was playing a pibroch.

Corporal O'Connor : "Come on! You're bastards!"

He said so, shot this horseman.
Then Tomlinson could not bear the tension, disturbed their square to go out from rear rank. But he's stoped by friendly soldiers.

Pvt. Tomlinson : "Let me go!"
"For God's sake, leave me alone. Can't you?"
"Why? ..."
Pvt. McKevitt : "Dick, come back."
Corporal O'Connor : "Stop him!"
Pvt. Tomlinson : "Let me go."
Corporal O'Connor : "Stop him!"
Pvt. McKevitt : "Oh Jesus, stop him, someone."
British-soldier T : "Why does Tomlinson?"
British-soldier U : "Does he go where?"

Losing self-control, he walks around within the battlefield, and shouts to everyone 'why are we waring?'

Pvt. Tomlinson : "We've never seen each other."
"How can we kill one another?"
"How can we, how can we, how can we kill one another!"
"How can we! How can we! Why do we?"
"Why?" "Why? ..."

The storms continued to rage with the greatest violence. Ney had lost four horses killed under him, and yet he continued to fight, brandishing his sword. Wellington took a shelter in the square, was taking command, exposing himself to danger. Those squares were narrowly standing a disintegration, and some squares were almost broken. But the British cavalries, Somerset's brigade and Grant's Hussars and Trip's Dutch-Belgian heavy cavalry, counterattacked effectively the French, supported those squares. As the French cavalry faced a strong defence like a cement, many squadrons scattered and gradually began to retreat across the ridge. But once they drove back, rallied and tried to advance again. Remaining all French horsemen reiterated and redoubled their attacks, but it was fruitless and hopeless. They were swept away by the new British cavalry, understandably had to fall back. Finally the French grand cavalry attack ended in the fatal failure.

[Scene 43 , The Fall of La-Haye-Sainte]

EXTERIOR : Hougoumont

Hougoumont was burning. French howitzers had fired shell so as to descend into the buildings. A fire spread rapidly, the Chateau was enveloped in flames in an instant, and their visibility was obstructed by dense black smoke. Several soldiers perished in flame. But they still continued to fight, and the Chateau narrowly did not fall.(*)

By the way, the Prussian had come and threatened the French right-flank. Prussian General Bulow, though he failed to link up with Wellington, already began to attack with his IV Corps. Now, Napoleon faced a real crisis. He had ordered Lobau's VI Corps to form a new line at right angles. This new frontline well held the increasing enemy, but soon expended their energy. As Pirch's II Corps was coming into action, the French lost a ground, Lobau's extreme right-flank was in danger. The Prussian, on purpose to cut the French line of communication, began to furiously attack towards the village of Plancenoit. Napoleon immediately became aware of this movement which might rob him of ways of a retreat. Understanding its importance, He sent off a division of the Young-Guard under General Duhesme. These troops recaptured the part of Plancenoit, but there was still in danger.

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Ney, perceiving the failure of his cavalry charges, was going to renew attack upon La-Haye-Sainte. This time he had to take it at all costs. To execute this task, however, fresh infantry was requisite, and Ney had not it. Therefore he sent Colonel Heymes to request the Emperor to send up new infantry.

Colonel Heymes : "Ney requests infantry, Sire."

Napoleon shakes his head, refuses Ney's request.(*)

Because all French infantry-reserve were already deployed, except the battalions of Old-Guard, which constituted the only remaining reserve, could not be spared. Therefore Ney used the tired-infantry, part of Bachelu's and Donzelot's divisions, and some cavalries and a few batteries, for attacking the farm. But only this time he carefully arranged a properly co-ordinated attack. So at last he gradually began to gain a success.

The reinforcements from Reille's II Corps were swarming around Hougoumont which was about to fall. Now, British center, between Hougoumont and La-Haye-Sainte was most important field which decide the fortune of the battle. They fought desperately and attacked against each other again and again, sending out their many reserved-troops. The Chateau was still held on, but gradually isolated. And this time the British center was really wavering.

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

British-officer B : "General Lambert needs reinforcement at Hougoumont!"
WELLINGTON : "I can only give General Lambert my best wishes."(*)

WELLINGTON : "Delancy. Move that battery down towards Hougoumont."

Then, a shell have fallen near Delancy, and fragment tore his back. He tried to stand up, but could not.

British-officer C : "Surgeon! Over here!" "Get the Surgeon!"

Delancy was mortally wound, soon after the battle, he was dead.

EXTERIOR : La-Haye-Sainte

LA HAYE SAINTE 6 P.M.

The French was exasperated by the protracted resistance of handful of brave defenders. Major Baring and KGL had a marvelous fighting-spirit and conspicuous bravery. However fiercely they were attacked, they were never shaken. If they had not run out of an ammunition, they'd have defended the farm to the death. He sent to the rear for requests of the supply many times, but it was futile. As a defensive fire was gradually diminishing, the French boldly broke into the door and simultaneously charged with bayonet, yelling.

French soldier A : "The farmhouse is ours!" "Long live France!"

Many French infantrymen already invaded the houses, and tricolor was flapping on the roof of the farm. It was impossible to defend any longer. (Of Baring's original 400 defenders, only forty-two men were survivors which fell back.) The La-Haye-Sainte was taken, at last, by the French. Now, it was time of a great chance of victory.

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Again Ney urged the Emperor to send reinforcements. But at this moment, the Imperial Guards already were fighting in Plancenoit for securing French army's back. Therefore Napoleon could not send nothing at this chance, at least at once. However, Napoleon was strongly believing that we already won and the rest of the work for victory is only to give Wellington a coup de grace.(*)

NAPOLEON : "Soult!"
SOULT : "Yes, Sire."
NAPOLEON : "You write a letter to Paris."
SOULT : "Yes."
NAPOLEON : "Right now, and you tell them that .." "What's time you think it is?"
SOULT : "I think .. about six o'clock, Sire."
NAPOLEON : "Good. You tell them that .. 'at six o'clock', .."
SOULT : "Yes."
NAPOLEON : ".. 'we broke Wellington's forces', .."
SOULT : "Yes, yes, Sire."
NAPOLEON : ".. and 'we won a battle'." "No." "Tell them that 'we won a war', 'we won a war'!."

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

COLBORNE : "The farmhouse has fallen, sir. We can't hold them."
WELLINGTON : "It appears, Uxbridge, .. that we're losing the battle."
"Give me night, or give me Blucher."

[Scene 44 , La Garde au Feu]

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Napoleon had known the situation became critical in the extreme. A retreat was still possible. But it was obviously out of a question. If he had chosen a retreat, he has not only been pursued by Allies's combined army, but also his military and political power would have disappeared. Therefore only a victory in this battleground could save the fate of his brave army and his resuscitated empire from the destruction. Napoleon thought his victory's still possible to attain by using the Imperial Guard. The Imperial Guard had never been beaten. They were the best of the best in the Europe, and had never even doubted own victory. Although the danger of failure flashed across his mind, Napoleon, like a desperate gambler, played his last card, determined to risk his all on this venture.

NAPOLEON : [ Wellington's beaten. He's bled to death. Now! Now move the Old-Guard forward. Then, on to Brussels! ]

While the Prussian's getting confused, Napoleon had a final struggle over Wellington, and had to win. He immediately ordered General Drouot and Friant to collect all battalions of the Imperial Guard in front of La-Belle-Alliance, which had just swept away the Prussian at Plancenoit. And at the same time d'Erlon and Reille were ordered to advance the whole of the remaining disposable forces against the enemy for a preliminary and supporting attack.

EXTERIOR : South of La-Haye-Sainte

At the head of columns, Napoleon, with a daring spirit and high resolve, is nervously trotting along forward horseback. To snatch a victory from the jaws of defeat, the Emperor personally led the veterans of many campaigns to within 500 yards of the ridge of Mont-St. Jean. He always believes a power of the strong will can change everything even if the fate. Where there's a will, there's a way. Their way bind to his own fate and to the destiny of the empire, now, they're marching with the greatest enthusiasm.

BERTRAND : "Sire, if you go any further, you will be killed."
NAPOLEON : "Where a General'd die is on the field."
LEBEDOYERE : "Sire. You must go back, please!"

Napoleon hands them over Ney's command, goes back.

These veterans were formed into two columns of attack, which excluding two battalions of the 1st Grenadiers regiment, consisted of nine battalions, and marched in the grand style. Tired French troops, perceiving in their whole frontline this motion, were conscious that the final struggle's at hand, and remembered that the severe battles were often wound up with victory by last splendid triumph. They hoped this try reproduced the glories again. This grand assault was their last and only hope.

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

Wellington is washing his face. He looks grave. Though he saw through his opponent's designs, he becomes anxious for the arrival of the Prussian troops expected on his extreme left. His army has to be standing alone the formidable enemy's attack up to that time. He's afraid the Prussian'll be late.

WELLINGTON : "I'm abandoning my positions on the left."
UXBRIDGE : "Sir!?"
WELLINGTON : "I want what's a main, to save us, here, here!"
"Here." "Every brigade! Every battalion! Here!"
Wellington dries his hands.
"Put every gun to them, sir. .. Every gun."
UXBRIDGE : "Very good, sir."

Uxbrighe goes to the front.

GORDON : "The lads are down to five rounds a man, Wellington."
"Oh, I, they'll stand."
WELLINGTON : "If Marshal Blucher doesn't come through now, they'll break every bone in my body!"
GORDON : "Good beans! Wellington."
WELLINGTON : "If there's anything in this world about which I know positively nothing, it is agriculture."
GORDON : "..."

Gordon returns to his position, with smile.

Wellington beheld his line reduced in number, decided to reposition his troops for final defence. At first, he abandoned maintaining a leftwing line by own troops, left there to General Ziethen's Prussian I Corps that just had arrived. Therefore he cut down the British frontline, could gather up all available battalions between Hougoumont and La-Haye-Sainte. Second, he in person led up the Brunswick battalions and summoned Chasse's Dutch-Belgian Division from the far right, almost his last reserve, to plug the growing gap in his center. And the remains of his cavalry, Vivian's and Vandeleur's brigades and the other, were redeployed in rear of the center from the far left. Also every available cannon were summoned.

While the French imperial guard's moving forward to the attack, there were the fierce and desperate conflict in the center of the British line. The French light-troops had made a incessant attack, and all disposable battalions of d'Erlon's and Reille's Corps gathered up all their energy and desperately attacked again. So the Nassauers fell back and Prince of Orange, commander of the I Corps, was wounded, but Vivian's cavalry and the Brunswick infantry effectively counterattacked and soon pluged this gap. However, they had already no time, because the Guard was approaching close at hand. Wellington ordered Maitland's guards brigade to lie behind a low bank, and waited for events. Now, one of the most celebrated engagements within military history was about to take place.

EXTERIOR : Slope of Mont-St. Jean

Despite the furious gunfire, the Imperial-Guards continued its advance with an admirable order. Several of its superior officers placed themselves at its head, to give them the bravery and discipline and devotion. Ney, 'the bravest of the brave', drew his sword and chivalrously led the way in person. At defensive fire, General Friant, commander of the Grenadiers, fell severely wounded, and General Michel, commander of the second Chasseurs, was killed a few moments afterwards. Nevertheless they never halt. They continued marvelous maneuver. It seemed invincible. But, unfortunately, before the Guard's columns descended on the British center, they began to be blown the thunder of Bullow's artillery upon their flank.

[Scene 45 , Blucher arrives]

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Then, a bloody officer comes galloping in a hurry.

General MARBOT(*): "Sire! The Prussians are in the woods. Blucher is in the woods!"
(Sergio Testori)

Napoleon's face stiffens with shock.

NAPOLEON : "I made one mistake in my life, I should have burned Berlin."

Immediately, Napoleon apprehended its evil effects on his troops. It was the worst timing. He already could not stop this attack, and had nothing left to help them. To achieve a attack, unavoidably, he sent in a hurry aides to whole frontline, to announce that in fact it was Grouchy who was arriving, and to declare that we're able to secure the victory by a little effort. He was now really desperate. This lie would be temporary success, because the French soldiers raised the loud shouts and were encouraged. But its effect would very soon disappear. Their fate now hung by a hair.

EXTERIOR : South of La Haie

Blucher who is revengefull man was looking down the French exhausted army with plenty of fighting spirit. He now had a greatest chance in his life to beat Napoleon who he hated all the time. The Prussian'd had three corps in enemy's flank in this battleground, that was enough to crush their flank and destroy the French. To achieve his personal vendetta, he had only to order to his corps all-out attack. After years of many defeats, he found his way to allies's final victory at last.

BLUCHER : "Raise high the Black flags! Children!"
"No pity! No prisoners!" "I'll shoot any man I see with pity in him."
Blucher signs to his troops by cocked hat.
Prussian Officer : "Onward!"

Blucher leads in person Ziethen's cavalry and starts to gallop.

BLUCHER : "On, on, my children!"

Blucher, judging to be essential aid in the general operations against the French, had decided to recapture the village of Plancenoit and join the British's left. He made the IV Corps and II Corps attack this village and the I Corps advance on Papellotte. They assaulted that village and even molested the rear of the French army. And now, the British and the Prussian were ready to co-attack. The French rightwing had been suffering under hard pressure which cannot resist. At last, a time which would decide the battle and even the war came.

[Scene 46 , Now's your time!]

EXTERIOR : Mont-St. Jean

As the columns neared the summit of hill, the bear-skin caps of the Imperial Guard appeared. With the shout of 'Vive l'Emperor!', their spirit and enthusiasm climaxed. They made nothing of enemy's cannonade and carried on a advance as if nothing had happened. And they had now topped the summit. However, at this moment, the officers who were at their head were astonished that there appeared in no impediment to their further advance. They could only distinguish dimly through the smoke a few mounted enemy's officers. Pressing boldly forward, they had arrived within fifty paces of the spot on which the British guards were lying down.

At this critical moment, Wellington gives his men the dramatic call.

WELLINGTON : "Now, Maitland! Now's your time!"(*)

The British guards, suddenly springing up in four deep lines, instantly opened fire with a tremendous volley. Successive volleys at close range were tearing into the French guards's un-deployed ranks, and made even the French brave old warriors nearly stagger. Guard-officers who are always brave, placing themselves conspicuously in front of the enemy, aloud waving their swords, tried to make them renew the attack. But they failed to recover from a first repulse and its disorder, shattered, could not continue advance at least at once. Although the high spirit and innate valour urged them to a attack, they gradually began to move backward.

During confused fight, Ney's fifth horse was shot under him and he fell down. Then the Guard's soldiers noticed Prussian columns already coming into sight.

Guard Soldier C : "Blucher!!!"
Guard Soldier D : "No! It's Grouchy!"
Guard Soldier E : "Blucher! Look!"
Guard Soldier F : "Never back down!"
Guard Soldier G : "Withdraw! All is lost!"
Guard Soldier H : "Run!! Save yourself!"

Now it was manifest the French guards had been disturbed. Wellington didn't miss this great opportunity and ordered Maitland to charge with a bayonet. The British guard-brigade sprang to the French guards with a loud cheer. The French Imperial guards who seemed what never retreat could not stand, panicked and dispersed, and at last were forced to fall back. But they soon rallied, added remaining guards and tried to charge once again.

[Scene 47 , La Garde recule!]

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Napoleon is trying to encourage his followers and make them continue to fight. He gets angry and raves.

NAPOLEON : "Why're all standing there like frightened children!"
"What are you afraid of!" "You call yourselves soldiers!"
"Soult! Remember that you are General!"
"LeBedoyere! The Prussians are too late! You understand? Too late! Wellington's beaten."
"Don't you understand! Wellington is beaten! Where's your faith!"
"I've been in this position before at the battle of Marengo. I lost the battle at five o'clock, but I won it back again at seven!!"

EXTERIOR : Slope of Mont-St. Jean

The second attack against Adam's brigade, like the first, advanced with a great boldness, and this time they also used small cavalry of the Cuirassiers. It partially succeeded, but they were checked after all. Colonel Colborne who's one of the best battalion commanders in the British Army, seizing the favourable moment, decided to carry out flank attack without orders. He swung his 52nd regiment to its left and made them fire and charge to the French guard's flank with 71st regiment. Because of this most effective counterattack, the imperial guard now was in danger, and already seemed to reel. Some admirable warriors endeavoured to make at least a show of resistance. But the disorder, which had been rapidly increasing, now became uncontrollable. They didn't know what to do at this helpless situation. Although General Cambronne made his battalions, the Old-guard, rearguard and tried to make them rally again, this guard's attack finally turned to rout.

Guard-soldier I : "Is it the Prussian!"

And in the end, even the Old-guard began to fall back. The attack by the imperial guard had completely failed, and with it Napoleon had lost his last chance of wining of the battle. The French could not have any hope in this battle any longer.

'The guard's retreating', the incredible words spread through ranks of the French army like wild-fire. The French morale had begun to crumble, and now, the French whole army was going to deteriorate into a full-scale rout. Especially on the right, where the troops supposed Grouchy's friendly Corps would arrive, as a huge enemy's troops surged one after another, they were completely panicked.

EXTERIOR : La-Haye-Sainte

But only Ney was still fighting at this great havoc. He was truly invincible warrior. He alone stood in routed troops's way, and tried to stop them.

NEY : "Up to them! Up to them!!! Halt! Am I to fight alone?! Stand with me! Are you the French! Stand with me! Are you the Guard!"

LA HAYE SAINTE 8 P.M.

The farmhouse was retaken by the British. The Union Jack flapped on the roof of the farm again.

NEY : "One more hour, we have them beaten!"
NEY : "Don't you know me? I'm Ney! Ney, Marshal of the France!"
French Soldier B : "Sir! The Prussians are here!"

The Prussian swept away the French, regained Papelotte and reoccupied part of Plancenoit. They mowed down a group of the retreating enemy, slaughtered them. Nobody could stop them. Ney thought it is a good day to die, but even so he didn't stop fighting. He gathered up all his energy and continued to fight for showing how glorious French Marshal dies...

EXTERIOR : La Belle Alliance

Then, that worst news was reached to the Emperor.

French Soldier C : "Vieille Garde has broken!"

Napoleon stood speechless in surprise, and was petrified. At that moment his empire like glass broke into pieces.

It was obviously unprecedented heavy defeat. In all the battleground the French resistance suddenly cracked. The French whole frontline began to retreat having nothing to do. They heard the cheer of 'Vive l'Emperor' has changed to the cry of 'Save yourself'. Those who still thought the troops which newly arrived on their right were Grouchy's men cried 'Treachery', and prompted more disorders. Napoleon's deliberate bluff led to fatal results. The morale of his army shattered, a unit after a unit dissolved into a mass of fugitives.

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